PhilPapers Survey 2020

r: 0.37	Morality: non-naturalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	88	63
Reject	127	468

n: 746

p < 0.0001

r: 0.36	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	68
Reject	57	412

n: 597

p < 0.0001

r: 0.34	Consciousness: dualism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	63
Reject	116	476

n: 728

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	140
Reject	543	303

n: 1044

p < 0.0001

r: -0.31	Mind: physicalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	65	156
Reject	643	354

n: 1218

p < 0.0001

r: -0.29	Abortion: permissible
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	93	60
Reject	597	75

n: 825

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	God: theism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	96	124
Reject	160	880

n: 1260

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Meaning of life: objective
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	66
Reject	297	593

n: 1084

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Free will: libertarianism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	96	136
Reject	158	873

n: 1263

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Consciousness: functionalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	110
Reject	251	343

n: 731

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Well-being: objective list
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	25
Reject	307	251

n: 688

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	75
Reject	139	409

n: 675

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Aesthetic value: objective
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	149	61
Reject	446	512

n: 1168

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Zombies: metaphysically possible
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	122
Reject	227	690

n: 1131

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	77	60
Reject	456	153

n: 746

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	36
Reject	165	241

n: 511

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Abstract objects: Platonism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	80
Reject	368	551

n: 1134

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	53	50
Reject	137	269

n: 509

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Arguments for theism: moral
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	105
Reject	49	471

n: 654

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Knowledge: empiricism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	107
Reject	512	352

n: 1044

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Hume: skeptic
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	63	53
Reject	178	329

n: 623

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Causation: primitive
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	78
Reject	100	412

n: 639

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Response to external-world skepticism: dogmatist
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	91
Reject	68	477

n: 674

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Time: A-theory
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	81	76
Reject	166	460

n: 783

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	118
Reject	458	381

n: 1032

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Free will: compatibilism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	115
Reject	694	340

n: 1266

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	15	112
Reject	113	355

n: 595

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	188	44
Reject	660	348

n: 1240

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Morality: naturalist realism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	113
Reject	226	374

n: 752

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	85
Reject	141	264

n: 509

p: 0.0002

r: -0.16	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	83
Reject	199	216

n: 531

p: 0.0002

r: -0.16	Practical reason: Humean
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	96
Reject	200	322

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Meaning of life: subjective
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	53	141
Reject	397	492

n: 1083

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	115
Reject	136	422

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Political philosophy: communitarianism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	100
Reject	229	606

n: 1027

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Temporal ontology: growing block
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	87
Reject	76	338

n: 529

p: 0.0003

r: -0.16	Other minds: future AI systems
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	112
Reject	290	357

n: 802

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Properties: transcendent universals
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	79
Reject	82	338

n: 544

p: 0.0003

r: 0.15	Immortality: yes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	56
Reject	298	348

n: 804

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Properties: tropes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	110
Reject	81	340

n: 545

p: 0.0005

r: -0.14	Chinese room: understands
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	135
Reject	126	468

n: 746

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	57
Reject	157	288

n: 548

p: 0.0008

r: -0.14	Justification: coherentism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	106
Reject	163	385

n: 675

p: 0.0002

r: -0.14	Footbridge: push
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	180
Reject	257	702

n: 1174

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	72
Reject	53	365

n: 515

p: 0.0015

r: 0.14	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	51
Reject	200	322

n: 641

p: 0.0004

r: 0.14	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	111	31
Reject	395	219

n: 756

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Propositional attitudes: phenomenal
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	93
Reject	27	435

n: 571

p: 0.0009

r: -0.14	Mind uploading: survival
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	109
Reject	201	384

n: 727

p: 0.0002

r: -0.14	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	99
Reject	177	290

n: 594

p: 0.0009

r: 0.13	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	77	125
Reject	227	653

n: 1082

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Gender categories: preserve
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	86
Reject	110	461

n: 705

p: 0.0004

r: 0.13	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	75
Reject	201	349

n: 696

p: 0.0006

r: 0.13	A priori knowledge: yes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	203	28
Reject	792	239

n: 1262

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	90
Reject	225	294

n: 647

p: 0.001

r: -0.13	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	164
Reject	360	595

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	116
Reject	311	660

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Spacetime: relationism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	53
Reject	184	181

n: 455

p: 0.007

r: -0.12	Trolley problem: switch
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	147	57
Reject	718	228

n: 1150

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Morality: expressivism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	138
Reject	70	531

n: 750

p: 0.0007

r: 0.12	Concepts: nativism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	65
Reject	147	317

n: 580

p: 0.0031

r: 0.12	Race categories: preserve
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	98
Reject	45	492

n: 654

p: 0.002

r: 0.12	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	146	76
Reject	549	467

n: 1238

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Units of selection: genes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	50
Reject	196	182

n: 462

p: 0.0098

r: 0.12	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	146
Reject	234	730

n: 1183

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	96
Reject	662	354

n: 1238

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Metaontology: anti-realism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	94
Reject	49	354

n: 508

p: 0.0083

r: -0.11	Teletransporter: survival
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	136
Reject	411	494

n: 1108

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	102
Reject	528	355

n: 1085

p: 0.0002

r: -0.11	Morality: constructivism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	128
Reject	142	457

n: 751

p: 0.0018

r: 0.11	Propositions: simple entities
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	91
Reject	27	432

n: 567

p: 0.007

r: 0.11	Semantic content: minimalism (no more than a few)
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	101
Reject	40	409

n: 566

p: 0.0075

r: 0.11	Normative ethics: deontology
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	103	115
Reject	332	621

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Grounds of intentionality: phenomenal
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	76
Reject	51	366

n: 514

p: 0.0125

r: -0.11	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	120
Reject	87	470

n: 685

p: 0.0045

r: 0.11	Perceptual experience: qualia theory
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	128
Reject	116	636

n: 925

p: 0.001

r: 0.11	Material composition: restrictivism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	40
Reject	125	183

n: 398

p: 0.032

r: 0.11	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	53	82
Reject	114	411

n: 660

p: 0.0058

r: -0.11	Gender categories: revise
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	73
Reject	321	252

n: 707

p: 0.0044

r: 0.11	Perceptual experience: sense-datum theory
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	164
Reject	45	703

n: 921

p: 0.0012

r: -0.11	Laws of nature: Humean
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	163
Reject	316	613

n: 1143

p: 0.0004

r: 0.1	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	116	102
Reject	378	576

n: 1172

p: 0.0004

r: 0.1	Temporal ontology: presentism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	81
Reject	77	338

n: 531

p: 0.0174

r: 0.1	Analysis of knowledge: other analysis
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	63	84
Reject	208	395

n: 750

p: 0.0055

r: 0.1	Other minds: particles
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	150
Reject	9	638

n: 802

p: 0.0043

r: -0.1	Belief or credence: credence
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	31	86
Reject	160	308

n: 585

p: 0.0162

r: -0.1	Quantum mechanics: many-worlds
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	69
Reject	69	244

n: 399

p: 0.048

r: 0.1	Normative concepts: fit
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	104
Reject	35	435

n: 588

p: 0.0169

r: 0.1	Vagueness: epistemic
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	142
Reject	215	638

n: 1055

p: 0.0015

r: -0.1	Experience machine: yes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	199
Reject	148	826

n: 1195

p: 0.0009

r: -0.1	Law: legal positivism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	31	57
Reject	160	207

n: 455

p: 0.0408

r: 0.09	Vagueness: metaphysical
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	146
Reject	182	669

n: 1051

p: 0.0021

r: -0.09	Plato: knowledge only of forms
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	45
Reject	221	144

n: 457

p: 0.0439

r: -0.09	Propositions: nonexistent
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	99
Reject	84	374

n: 566

p: 0.0281

r: -0.09	Zombies: inconceivable
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	192
Reject	184	734

n: 1131

p: 0.002

r: 0.09	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	185	40
Reject	712	257

n: 1194

p: 0.0016

r: -0.09	Vagueness: semantic
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	102
Reject	486	372

n: 1060

p: 0.003

r: 0.09	Arguments for theism: design
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	99
Reject	116	408

n: 660

p: 0.0207

r: 0.09	Epistemic justification: internalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	94	115
Reject	348	582

n: 1139

p: 0.0025

r: -0.09	Perceptual experience: representationalism
Personal identity: further-fact view	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	110
Reject	360	396

n: 930

p: 0.0078

r: -0.16	Philosopher: Hume
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	16	155
Reject	162	602

n: 935

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	44	189
Reject	70	995

n: 1298

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Reid
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	13	158
Reject	17	747

n: 935

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Leibniz
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	13	158
Reject	18	746

n: 935

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Aquinas
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	18	153
Reject	25	739

n: 935

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	10	223
Reject	123	942

n: 1298

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Moore
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	12	159
Reject	18	746

n: 935

p: 0.0012

r: 0.1	Region of PhD: United States
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	129	35
Reject	525	253

n: 942

p: 0.0024

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Plato
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	18	153
Reject	42	722

n: 935

p: 0.0043

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	6	165
Reject	9	755

n: 935

p: 0.0046

r: 0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	148	89
Reject	612	472

n: 1321

p: 0.0029

r: 0.08	Region of nationality: United States
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	124	93
Reject	518	488

n: 1223

p: 0.0053

r: 0.08	Other demographics: YOB
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	106	109
Reject	482	516

n: 1213

p: 0.0056

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Quine
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	7	164
Reject	65	699

n: 935

p: 0.0153

r: 0.08	AOS: Metaphysics
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	74	159
Reject	213	852

n: 1298

p: 0.0064

r: -0.07	Region of PhD: Europe
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	7	157
Reject	64	714

n: 942

p: 0.0247

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Descartes
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	12	159
Reject	28	736

n: 935

p: 0.0305

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Marx
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	11	160
Reject	25	739

n: 935

p: 0.045

r: -0.06	Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	20	217
Reject	137	947

n: 1321

p: 0.0249

r: 0.06	AOS: Epistemology
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	65	168
Reject	244	821

n: 1298

p: 0.0271

r: -0.05	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Personal identity: further-fact view	Yes	No
Accept	18	215
Reject	120	945

n: 1298

p: 0.0498

Survey Results

Correlations

Strongest correlations with philosophical questions

Strongest correlations with demographic questions